A meta-analysis of the relationship between climate change experience and climate change perception

Will climate change experience shape people\u27s climate change perception? To examine the evidence, we performed a pre-registered meta-analysis using data from 302 studies, covering 351,378 observations. Our results find that climate change experience only has a weak positive correlation with climate change awareness in general (r = 0.098, 95% CI 0.0614, 0.1348), and the effect sizes vary considerably across different climate events. General hazard and temperature anomalies experiences have significant correlations, but other events exhibit no or neglectable effects. The moderator analysis showed that self-reported studies result in higher correlations, whereas studies based on victims\u27 actual experiences report lower effect sizes. Our study suggests that people\u27s climate change experiences may not be effective in shaping their awareness of climate change, which is likely due to people\u27s attribution style and adaptability. The importance of proactive education thus is further emphasized to raise the awareness of climate change

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Fine Roots Research in Forest Ecosystems during 1992–2020

(1) Background: Fine roots (≤2 mm in diameter) play a critical role in forest ecosystem ecological processes and has been widely identified as a major research topic. This study aimed to synthesize the global literature based on the Web of Science Core Collection scientific database from 1992 to 2020 and summarize the research trends and prospects on research of fine roots in forest ecosystems. A quantitative bibliometric analysis was presented with information related to authors, countries, institutions, journals, top cited publications, research hotspots, trends, and prospects. (2) Results: The results showed that the amount of publications has increased exponentially. USA, China, and Germany were the most productive countries. Chinese Academy of Science was the most productive institution on fine roots research and also has a key position in both domestic and international cooperation networks. Leuschner C and Hertel D were the most productive authors. Six core journals were confirmed from 471 journals based on Bradford’s law. The distribution of the frequency of authors and the number of their publications were fitted with Lotka’s Law. Author collaboration network was mainly limited in the same countries/territories and institutions. Keywords analysis indicates that the hotspots are biomass, decomposition, and respiration of fine roots, especially under climate change. (3) Conclusion: Our results provide a better understanding of global characteristics and trends of fine roots that have emerged in this field, which could offer reference for future research

A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Fine Roots Research in Forest Ecosystems during 1992–2020

(1) Background: Fine roots (≤2 mm in diameter) play a critical role in forest ecosystem ecological processes and has been widely identified as a major research topic. This study aimed to synthesize the global literature based on the Web of Science Core Collection scientific database from 1992 to 2020 and summarize the research trends and prospects on research of fine roots in forest ecosystems. A quantitative bibliometric analysis was presented with information related to authors, countries, institutions, journals, top cited publications, research hotspots, trends, and prospects. (2) Results: The results showed that the amount of publications has increased exponentially. USA, China, and Germany were the most productive countries. Chinese Academy of Science was the most productive institution on fine roots research and also has a key position in both domestic and international cooperation networks. Leuschner C and Hertel D were the most productive authors. Six core journals were confirmed from 471 journals based on Bradford’s law. The distribution of the frequency of authors and the number of their publications were fitted with Lotka’s Law. Author collaboration network was mainly limited in the same countries/territories and institutions. Keywords analysis indicates that the hotspots are biomass, decomposition, and respiration of fine roots, especially under climate change. (3) Conclusion: Our results provide a better understanding of global characteristics and trends of fine roots that have emerged in this field, which could offer reference for future research

A meta-analytical review of intervention experiments to reduce food waste

To reduce food waste, many behavioural intervention experiments have been conducted worldwide, but their effectiveness remains unclear. To assess their impacts, we present a meta-analysis based on 58 studies, selected after screening 1143 papers, which were conducted between 2011 and 2021 covering 26 533 participants. We confirm that behavioural interventions have a moderate effect ( $z$ = 0.22) on food waste reduction, with education programs having the most significant impact and informational feedback having the least. We also show that interventions in elementary and middle school settings marginally improve the overall effect size ( P < 0.1), and controlled experiments exhibit a higher effect size compared to pre-post experiments in education interventions ( P < 0.05). Finally, we present a roadmap to guide future research in the next decade to further improve our understanding on the effects of behavioural interventions to reduce food waste

Durable, Transparent, and Hot Liquid Repelling Superamphiphobic Coatings from Polysiloxane-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Although encouraging progress in the field of superamphiphobic coatings has been obtained, the superamphiphobic coatings with high durability, transparency, and repellency to hot liquids are very rare. Here, durable, transparent, and hot liquid-repelling superamphiphobic coatings were successfully prepared using polysiloxane-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs@POS) as the templates. The hydrolytic condensation of <i>n</i>-hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) and tetraethoxysilane on the surface of MWCNTs formed MWCNTs@POS, which are highly dispersible in toluene. The superamphiphobic coatings were prepared by spray-coating the homogeneous suspension of MWCNTs@POS in toluene onto glass slides, calcination in air to form the silica nanotubes (SNTs), and then modification with 1<i>H</i>,1<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>,2<i>H</i>-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane in dry toluene. The changes in the surface microstructure, surface chemical composition, and wettability were characterized by various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the microstructures of the SNTs have great influences on superamphiphobicity and transparency of the coatings and can be regulated by the concentration of HDTMS and the diameter of MWCNTs. The SNTs with tunable wall thickness and diameter could be obtained using the method. The superamphiphobic coatings showed high contact angles and low sliding angles for various cool and hot liquids of different surface tensions. The superamphiphobic coatings also exhibited high transparency and comprehensive durability

A Water-Soluble, Green-Light Triggered, and Photo-Calibrated Nitric Oxide Donor for Biological Applications

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile endogenous molecule, involved in various physiological processes and implicated in the progression of many pathological conditions. Therefore, NO donors are valuable tools in NO related basic and applied applications. The traditional spontaneous NO donors are limited in scenarios where flux, localization, and dose of NO could be monitored. This has promoted the development of novel NO donors, whose NO release is not only under control, but also self-calibrated. Herein, we reported a phototriggered and photocalibrated NO donor (<b>NOD565</b>) with an N-nitroso group on a rhodamine dye. <b>NOD565</b> is nonfluorescent and could release NO efficiently upon irradiation by green light. A bright rhodamine dye is generated as a side-product and its fluorescence can be used to monitor the NO release. The potentials of <b>NOD565</b> in practical applications are showcased in in vitro studies, e.g., platelet aggregation inhibition and fungi growth suppression

Trust in scientists and their role in society across 67 countries

Scientific information is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in science can help decision-makers act based on the best available evidence, especially during crises such as climate change or the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. Here we interrogated these concerns with a pre-registered 67-country survey of 71,417 respondents on all inhabited continents and find that in most countries, a majority of the public trust scientists and think that scientists should be more engaged in policymaking. We further show that there is a discrepancy between the public’s perceived and desired priorities of scientific research. Moreover, we find variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual-and country-level variables,including political orientation. While these results do not show widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists